Preface

The 2nd Agrifood System International Conference (ASIC)Professor Jurnalis Kamil Convention Hall, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, 8-9 November 2022"Research advancement and innovations in agroecology and smart agrifood systems.”The 2nd Agrifood System International Conference (ASIC 2022) was successfully held on 8-9 November 2022. Due to the covid-19 pandemic, this event was held virtually via the zoom platform, directly from Professor Jurnalis Kamil Convention Hall, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. This event was organized by the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas, Indonesia, and became a part of the event to commemorate the 68th anniversary of the faculty. The theme of the ASIC 2022 was: "Research advancement and innovations in agroecology and smart agrifood systems.”There have been numerous revolutions in agriculture, which have improved competency and led to record-breaking yields and gains. The latest process is "smart farming,” contributing to humanity's survival and future prosperity. Smart farming presents numerous prospects for pervasive interconnection and database computer technology as part of Industry 4.0. Smart farming is the idea of agricultural practice in a creative manner while utilizing cutting-edge technology to improve the quantity and quality of agricultural goods. New methods to assure global food safety are part of the future of the food manufacturing industry. It enables farmers to boost yields more effectively and efficiently. Fertilizers, labor, seeds, and water are just a few resources that can be saved. Smart farming has supporting applications, including land management, selection of varieties, minimizing synthetic fertilizers and pesticide inputs, and replacing them with environmentally friendly inputs. Research and related technological innovations have been carried out but have yet to be adopted and properly integrated.The main objective of this conference was to provide a venue for exchanging knowledge, scientific advancement, and innovative ideas among researchers, academicians, governments, and organizations. The scope includes plant breeding and crop production, soil management, plant protection and food safety, the socio-economic of agriculture and natural resources, and all topics related to agriculture. The committee received more than two hundred paper s coming from 46 institutions, national and international. We encourage student presenters from undergraduate to doctoral programs to present their papers;hence, around 25% of s come from them.The conference program was divided into two main segments: plenary and parallel. The plenary session invited 13 speakers from within and outside the country and was attended by 610 participants during the two days' activities. On behalf of the committee, we greatly appreciate the seven speakers contributing and sharing their knowledge at this event: Dr. Silvain R Perret, Scientific Director of CIRAD, France;Mr. Pierre Ferrand from FAO, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific;Prof. Norman Uphoff, SRI Scientist from Cornell University, USA;Dr. Jauhar Ali, Rice hybrid breeder from IRRI, Philippines;Dr. Trevor A. Jackson, Plant protection scientist from IAPPS/ Coordinator Region XII;Prof. Shamshuddin Jusop, Soil Science Scientist from UPM, Malaysia;and Dr. Wahono: Drone creator from UMM, Indonesia. We also introduced five invited speakers from the Faculty of Agriculture: Dr. Irawati Chaniago - Crop Production;Dr. Dini Hervani - Plant Breeding;Dr. Eka Candra Lina - Plant Protection;Dr. Yuerlita - Socio-economics of Agriculture;Dr. Hery Bachrizal Tanjung - Agricultural Extension. In addition, we have provided an online workshop conducted as a side event on successfully publishing an article in IOP-EES Proceeding.Finally, let me express my sincere gratitude to all presenters, participants, and committee members who contributed significantly to this event's success. Special thanks go to the Rector of Universitas Andalas and the head of the research institute and community service of Universi as Andalas for all the support during the event. We hope to deliver the 3rd ASIC in 2024.Warmest regards,Dr. My SyahrawatiChairperson of the Organizing CommitteeList of Documentations, Conference Committee, Conference Schedule, Parallel Schedule, List of Presenters are available in this Pdf.

Traditional and indigenous foods for food security and sovereignty

The world faces a formidable challenge: to feed an increasingly hot and hungry plant. Despite some achievements in meeting global food demand, the prevalence of malnutrition remains high particularly in low and middle-income countries. It is predicted that food system shocks such as climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic will negatively impact agricultural production and exasperate the prevalence of malnutrition. Moreover, low biodiversity among food crops further threatens agroecological issue. The promotion of neglected and underutilized African, EurAsian, American, and Australian indigenous and traditional foods (AITFs) around the globe is one way that agriculture can diversify to better serve human nutritional and ecosystem service needs. A holistic enabling environment that utilizes a systems approach is needed for global food security and food sovereignty under worsening climate change conditions. Market-first, science-driven solutions that combine concepts from food security and food sovereignty discourse need to incorporate a community resiliency framework that rebuilds local economies, regenerates ecosystems, and mitigates climate impact. This model engages farmers and consumers directly in the formulation of the research agenda and actively involves them in the process of technological innovation and dissemination through hands-on demonstrations and storytelling that captures shared experiences, strengthening local community resilience and improving nutrition outcomes. This paper will use the dual concept of food security and sovereignty as a framework for the promotion of consumption and production for various markets (e.g., local, national, international) of indigenous and traditional foods in EurAsia, Africa, the Americas, and Australia through four pillars: availability, affordability accessibility, and acceptability. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Pathways for advancing good work in food systems: Reflecting on the international Good Work for Good Food Forum

The crucial roles that workers, especially seasonal and migrant workers, play in our food systems have come under renewed attention in recent years. The coronavirus pandemic resulted in food workers being recognized as critical or essential workers in many countries. In 2021, this coincided with the UN International Year of Fruits and Vegetables (IYFV), highlighting the importance of horticultural crops to healthy lives globally. Yet, workers' quality of life in this most labor-intensive form of food production is often disregarded, or in the case of the UN IYFV, misconstrued. The agriculture-migration nexus-on which food systems depend-remains recognized as a challenge, yet there is limited debate about how it could be ameliorated and a lack of articulation of desirable alternatives. While alternative food and peasant movements propose food system transformation and alternative labor futures based on agroecology, labor lawyers and other advocates propose regulation and formalization of workplace regimes to ensure fair working conditions. Most recently, a third possibility has emerged from agri-tech innovators: a techno-centric future with far fewer agricultural workers. These three archetypes of agricultural labor futures (agroecological, formally regulated, and techno-centric) have the potential to leave food scholars and activists without a unified, coherent vision to advance. Addressing this gap, this paper reports and builds on insights harvested from the international Good Work for Good Food Forum, organized by the authors with the aim of shaping consensus on positive visions for work in food systems. About 40 scholar-activists across three continents discussed the current challenges facing food workers and crafted a collective vision for good food work. This vision is documented in the form of nine principles supported by a framework of seven enabling pathways. We conclude by emphasizing the need for a people-centered incorporation of technology and a re-valuation of food workers' contributions to global food systems. We offer the vision as a collective platform for action to advocate for and organize with workers in food systems.

Nutrition in City Ecosystems (NICE): Protocol of a multi-sectoral development project to improve food and nutrition security of secondary city populations in Bangladesh, Kenya and Rwanda.

Background: Secondary cities tend to be better linked with local food systems than primate cities, acting as important platforms to trade agricultural produce with rural surrounding. COVID-19, conflicts and climate change continue to expose inefficiencies in food systems and have further exacerbated malnutrition, calling for substantial food systems transformations. However, tackling current food systems' challenges requires new approaches to ensure food and nutrition security. Nutritious and agroecologically produced food offer the potential to transform food systems by improving diets and alleviating pressure on the environment, as well as by creating jobs and reducing poverty. This paper describes the design of a project by a Swiss public-private consortium to improve food and nutrition security and to reduce poverty in city ecosystems in six secondary cities in Bangladesh, Kenya and Rwanda through governance/policy and supply and demand side interventions. Methods: The Nutrition in City Ecosystems (NICE) project promotes well-balanced nutrition for city populations through interdisciplinary agricultural, food, and health sector collaborations along city-specific value chains. Adopting a transdiciplinary systems approach, the main interventions of NICE are (i) advocacy and policy dialogue, (ii) building of decentralized institutional capacity in multi-sectoral collaborations, (iii) support of data-driven planning, coordination and resource mobilization, (iv) anchoring of innovations and new approaches in city-level partnerships, (v) capacity building in the agricultural, retail, health and education sectors, as well as (vi) evidence generation from putting policies into practice at the local level. NICE is coordinated by in-country partners and local offices of the Swiss public-private consortium partners. Discussion: The NICE project seeks to contribute to urban food system resilience and enhanced sustainable nutrition for city populations by (A) strengthening urban governance structures involving key stakeholders including women and youth, (B) generating income for producers along the supply chain, (C) triggering change in producers' and consumers' behavior such that nutritious and agroecologically produced foods are both in demand as well as available and affordable in urban markets, and (D) allowing a scale up of successful approaches to other national and international cities and city networks.

Academic network-building for agroecology and sustainable agri-food systems in Southeast Asia: critical reflections on a regional initiative

This paper discusses a regional academic network-building initiative that advocated university reforms to promote sustainable agriculture in Southeast Asia, and strengthen agroecological/agri-food systems knowledge in campus policies, research, curricula, and extension. Beginning in 2015 the network complemented global higher education responses to SDGs, IPCC Reports, ASEAN work-plans, FAO's scaling-up agroecology initiative, UNESCO sustainability programming and more. University partners, farmer groups, research institutes, NGOs, regional organizations, governments, international agencies, and donors collaborated. This new Southeast Asian academic network was an innovation to address perceived gaps in other academic networks, alliances, or intergovernmental and non-government membership organizations. It facilitated cross-sectoral cooperation and transdisciplinary discussions with representatives of both specialized or mandated national agriculture colleges or universities as well as multi-purpose universities with agri-food faculties or schools. The network lost some momentum during the COVID-19 pandemic but FAO collaborating with SEAMEO-SEARCA and others initiated some follow-up online. Nonetheless, the initiative remains an unfinished experiment in regional network-building and academic reform. The paper contributes to literatures on higher education sustainability, regional learning, sustainable agri-food systems, and agroecological transitions while critically analyzing network aspirations, outputs, outcomes, and future research needs. © 2022 Taylor & Francis.

‘With agroecology, we can defend ourselves': examining campesino resilience and economic solidarity during pandemic-era economic shock in Guatemala

The global spread of Covid-19 led to travel and market restrictions that impacted Guatemala's rural food systems. This distinct economic shock directly affected campesinos, or small-scale farmers who depend on subsistence and commercial food production. Some Guatemalan farmer organizations have been promoting agroecology for decades in efforts to strengthen rural livelihoods and food sovereignty, defend Indigenous rights, and adapt to climate change, and agroecology is positioned as a tool for resilience to various shocks. We consider the neoliberal cooptation of the concept of resilience, and its usefulness in preserving alternative and previous (Indigenous) practices. Data from surveys and semi-structured interviews with farmers and leaders at eight organizations that promote agroecology suggests that prior engagement with a farmer organization, enacted through both agroecological practices and social networks, contributes to campesino resilience to the pandemic's economic shock at the farm level, with regards to production and consumption. This study illustrates the range and diversity of strategies taken up by campesinos during the pandemic, and considers the importance of social networks for collective actions that increase current and future economic solidarity in campesino communities.

Agroecological Baskets in Primavera (Sp) as Productive Resistance of the Mst: From Theory to Practice

Agroecology is established in the scientific field through different techniques, disciplines, theoretical-methodological contributions in line with the traditional knowledge of the peasantry, who seek, from a critical analysis of the socio-environmental crisis, to advance in the consolidation of productive resistance in the agroecological sphere, such as this is the case of agroecological baskets in Primavera (SP), which has consolidated itself as an important instrument of struggle and productive resistance for the MST, and is the object of study in this work. The basket project contributes to the productive transition process of peasants and the formative-political process of consumers, allows for the debate of food sovereignty via donations of baskets in this period of the COVID-19 Pandemic, creates bonds of affection between producers and consumers and takes consumption of healthy foods free of pesticides to the population.

Responsibility for Food Sovereignty in an Urbanizing and Risky World

This chapter considers the place of responsibility in confronting ecological sustainability and social equity problems in the food system. We present two illustrations addressing the following question: In what ways does responsibility present a way to close the metabolic rift in line with the vision of the global food sovereignty movement? First, using the example of Metro-Vancouver in Canada, we consider the ways in which urban people claim responsibility for land protection through the concept of urban agrarianism, defined as an urban ethic of care for foodlands, with an associated responsibility to exercise solidarity with those who cultivate and harvest food. Second, we discuss how deepening relational responsibility in legal and regulatory frameworks might hold the corporate food regime accountable in the Canadian context to address their role in and responsibility for mitigating an increasingly risky world, as evidenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that the responsibility of urban people to mobilise in solidarity with food movements, and against the corporate food regime in particular, will play a critical role in supporting the transition to sustainable and just food systems. This applies both to finding new ways to claim responsibility for this transition and to hold those actors that have disproportionately benefitted from the corporate food regime responsible. Such a reworking of responsibility is especially necessary as the context for food systems change becomes increasingly urbanised and risky.

‘With agroecology, we can defend ourselves’: examining campesino resilience and economic solidarity during pandemic-era economic shock in Guatemala

The global spread of Covid-19 led to travel and market restrictions that impacted Guatemala’s rural food systems. This distinct economic shock directly affected campesinos, or small-scale farmers who depend on subsistence and commercial food production. Some Guatemalan farmer organizations have been promoting agroecology for decades in efforts to strengthen rural livelihoods and food sovereignty, defend Indigenous rights, and adapt to climate change, and agroecology is positioned as a tool for resilience to various shocks. We consider the neoliberal cooptation of the concept of resilience, and its usefulness in preserving alternative and previous (Indigenous) practices. Data from surveys and semi-structured interviews with farmers and leaders at eight organizations that promote agroecology suggests that prior engagement with a farmer organization, enacted through both agroecological practices and social networks, contributes to campesino resilience to the pandemic’s economic shock at the farm level, with regards to production and consumption. This study illustrates the range and diversity of strategies taken up by campesinos during the pandemic, and considers the importance of social networks for collective actions that increase current and future economic solidarity in campesino communities. [ FROM AUTHOR]

Agroecological producers shortening food chains during Covid-19: opportunities and challenges in Costa Rica.

The Covid-19 pandemic has compounded the global food insecurity crisis, disproportionately affecting the consumers, farmers, and food workers (UN in Policy brief: impacts of COVID-19 on food security and nutrition, 2020, https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/sg_policy_brief_on_covid_impact_on_food_security.pdf). The significant disruptions caused by Covid-19 have called international attention to food security and sparked conversations about how to better support food production and trade. Our paper contributes to a small but growing literature on the impacts and responses of agroecological farmers to Covid-19 in Costa Rica. Specifically, we interviewed 30 agroecological farmers about (1) livelihood disruptions during Covid-19, (2) the areas of food production and sales most affected during this pandemic, and (3) how farmers and consumers are adapting during this crisis. Our findings reveal multiple impacts on agroecological farmers including: economic hardships of lower incomes and inability to pay loans, changes in purchasing and consumption patterns, market disruptions, changes in sales, a decrease in agrotourism, and a shortage of farmworkers. Furthermore, we also report the following farmer adaptation strategies: (1) minimizing distance with consumers to facilitate direct delivery, (2) establishing e-commerce platforms. Based on our findings, we recommend the following: (1) building farmer networks for knowledge sharing, (2) increasing technological support for farmers, and (3) providing government support to ensure that such crises do not increase unemployment among farmers and exacerbate food insecurity.

Short marketing circuits and agroecology during COVID-19 in Gipuzkoa (Basque Country, Spain).

The emergence of COVID-19 caused a series of changes in society. Food trends were altered with increased demand for fresh and local produce. Local farmer initiatives, supported by short marketing circuits, benefited from these new trends and increased in number and demand. But one year after the beginning of the pandemic, doubts arise about the future of some of the initiatives that were developed in the first months. Past food crises show that society tends to return in the short term to the situation before the crisis. This research is focused on the territory of Gipuzkoa (Basque Country) and is based on interviews and workshops with farmers and sector agents. It shows how they behaved, what strategies are still being applied, and proposes actions to encourage short marketing circuits. These channels have benefited from the emergence of COVID-19 as the sale of local products has grown significantly. But not everyone has reacted in a similar way. The main beneficial effect is the increased consumption of fruit and vegetables among the most aware consumers. This consumer is typically young and committed to organic and local products. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] La irrupción de la COVID-19 provocó toda una serie de cambios en el conjunto de la sociedad. Las tendencias alimenticias también se vieron alteradas, incrementándose la demanda de producto fresco y de proximidad. Iniciativas campesinas locales, apoyadas en circuitos cortos de comercialización, se vieron beneficiadas por las nuevas tendencias, aumentando en número y demanda. Pero, un año después del inicio de la pandemia, surgen dudas sobre el futuro de algunas de las que se desarrollan los primeros meses. Crisis alimenticias anteriores demuestran que la sociedad tiende a volver a corto plazo a la situación previa al momento detonante. La investigación, centrada en el territorio de Gipuzkoa (País Vasco), demuestra que los canales cortos de comercialización se han visto beneficiados por la irrupción de la COVID-19 y la venta de producto local ha crecido de manera significativa. Pero no todos han reaccionado de manera similar. Es el consumo de frutas y hortalizas el principal beneficiado y el consumidor más concienciado, el que engrosa los grupos y cooperativas de consumo de productos ecológicos, el que más ha crecido. Es un consumidor joven, con poder adquisitivo y con mayor nivel de concienciación y que, al menos durante la pandemia, mantiene su apuesta por el producto ecológico y local. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Investigaciones Geograficas is the property of Universidad de Alicante, Instituto Universitario de Geografia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

ICT Relevance at Food Short Channels

In recent decades there has been a growth in healthier forms of production (agroecological products) and more direct forms of linkage between producer and consumer (short channels). In turn, the spread of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) fosters direct contact between producers and consumers. This paper analyzes the trajectory of social appropriation of ICT in agroecological food marketing short circuits based on the case study Tu Raíz, an entrepreneurship in the southeast of the province of Buenos Aires. In addition, it is proposed to reflect on their actions in the face of the Social, Preventive and Mandatory Isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Concepts from the Theory of Communication and the Sociology of Innovation are used, understanding ICT as communication technologies that are socially constructed. Following qualitative methodology, interviews are conducted, physical spaces are observed and digital spaces are analyzed. Based on the trajectory of the case study, an attempt is made to reflect on the importance of ICT in this type of entrepreneurship, while at the same time allowing us to visualize how their expansion is favored during the pandemic in those cases that have already been working with ICT © Revista Iberoamericana de Viticultura Agroindustria y Ruralidad.All rights reserved.

Public Food Procurement: A Transformative Instrument for Sustainable Food Systems

A key characteristic of public food procurement is that it offers the opportunity to determine the way food is procured in addition to what type of food is purchased (local, diverse, nutritious, healthy, culturally appropriate, etc.), from whom (smallholder farmers, small and medium food enterprises, women, youth, and/or other vulnerable groups), and from which type of production (from agroecology or organic or other modes of agricultural production that ensure environmental sustainability as well as biodiversity). The outcomes framework highlighted multilevel governance, a sustainable food supply system, and healthy and sustainable food services as the main action areas for a sustainable food procurement strategy, along with six transversal features: long-term commitment, investment, evaluation, communication, gender, and a holistic approach. Elena Pagliarino, Elena Santanera, and Greta Falavigna of the Italian Research Institute on Sustainable Economic Growth discuss a case study of an Italian school where researchers examined the extent to which parents were willing to participate in food procurement decisions, as well as their ability to predict what foods children would pick at school lunch and their willingness to support sustainable food choices made by the school.

Health: Respect for Life and the Food Chain

Health, longevity, and immunity: How does food protect us from new epidemics? In a time of the COVID 19 pandemic, with social restrictions and a sedentary lifestyle, some disease factors have intensified. Groups at risk are not only the elderly, but also patients with comorbidities. Various modern diseases that lead to death, such as diabetes, vascular diseases, obesity, and cancer, are directly related to poor diet. From the time that human beings created villages, stopped hunting and gathering, and began to practice agriculture, they began a process of dependence on food production. This dependence has led to the current unprecedented situation of epidemics of autoimmune diseases and comorbidities. A monocropped, inhospitable, and sterile environment has been generated;yet, paradoxically, humans are now, like never before, exposed to new pests and pathogens of greater virulence;the coronavirus is the apogee of this unhappy global environmental imbalance. This aim of this chapter is to review some important events in the history of food, relating them to imbalances in production and processing. However, the purpose is not to give up, but to propose possibilities for holistic health using traditional ecological practices of sustainable food production and consumption as the primary tool of food security. The contemporary nature of Hippocrates’ aphorism “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food” now obliges us to recognize the urgent need for consistency between ecological knowledge of the food chain and our human activity on earth. © 2021 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

Dynamic Conservation in Risk Society: A Case Study of COVID-19 Pandemic Risk in Kashan Qanat Irrigated Agriculture.

In the present age, the world agricultural heritage can inspire agroecology and sustainable agriculture. But various risks have threatened, eroded and forgotten this heritage, so dynamic conservation of this heritage is essential. In this study, "Qanat Irrigated Agricultural Heritage Systems, Kashan, Iran" which has been registered worldwide in the face of corona pandemic risks has been selected as a case study. In this qualitative research, in addition to field observations and documentary studies, 25 in-depth interviews and 39 semi-structured interviews with experts and key informants was done and grounded theory and content analysis have been used. In the process of interviews and analyzes based on "risk society theory", risks and wicked problems and related solutions have been identified and finally based on cultural theory, "clumsy solution space" has been summarized and presented for dynamic conservation. Based on the findings of this study, paying attention to a kind of reward for ecosystem services, developing online sales of agricultural products in rural areas of Kashan and also creating twinning with similar areas can help solve wicked problems. Also, paying more attention to the regulations for the protection of qanats, as well as the laws for home business insurance, can strengthen sustainable development in this rural area. Due to the wide range of different dimensions of agricultural heritage, it is suggested that in future research, clumsy solution spaces for each of these dimensions be created and developed separately.

Agroecological System from the administrative sciences in the Province of Azuay-Ecuador, exceeds the requirements of Covid-19

The objective of this work was to analyze the agroecological system from the management sciences, in the province of Azuay in Ecuador. For this, systems theory was used from administrative sciences in Ecuadorian agriculture, through analytical research and field design. The population was made up of all the agroecological associations and a stratified sampling was applied;To collect the data, a structured questionnaire with a Likert scale was used, the results of which were treated from descriptive statistics. Among the results, a favorable trend prevails to maintain the strengths of an integral system that provides food to the entire nation. It is concluded that the complications of the environment were strengthened by the pandemic;however, the associations demonstrated in general terms their willingness and capabilities to overcome the demands of COVID-19, as they have a system with four flexible subsystems, capable of adapting to market influences. © 2022, Associacao Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao. All rights reserved.

CHANGES IN CONSUMPTION PRACTICES DURING COVID-19: CHALLENGES FOR THE AGROECOLOGICAL SCALING FROM CONSUMPTION

COVID-19 has brought a transformation in the systems of food consumption practices, particularly during the confinement. Certain changes in values, meanings and know-hows of practices of consumption are found to have similarities with those of alternative consumption linked with agroecological agri-food networks, which glimpse an opportunity for an agroecological scalation from the consumption side. This contribution analyses the alliances and approaches between conventional and alternative consumption during the pandemic, as well as the disputes on terms and meanings between powerful agri-food actors and agroecological networks. The article concludes that although there are certain approximations promoted by the pandemic context urging an increase of alternative consumption practicians, this process is not exempt of dispute due to big economic players trying to appropriate symbology, meanings and alternative practices to perpetuate their power over the agri-food system. © 2022, Asociacion de Antropologos Iberoamericanos en Red. All rights reserved.

LOS CAMBIOS EN LAS PRaCTICAS DE CONSUMO EN EL COVID-19

COVID-19 has brought a transformation in the systems of food consumption practices, particularly during the confinement. Certain changes in values, meanings and know-hows of practices of consumption are found to have similarities with those of alternative consumption linked with agroecological agri-food networks, which glimpse an opportunity for an agroecological scalation from the consumption side. This contribution analyses the alliances and approaches between conventional and alternative consumption during the pandemic, as well as the disputes on terms and meanings between powerful agri-food actors and agroecological networks. The article concludes that although there are certain approximations promoted by the pandemic context urging an increase of alternative consumption practicians, this process is not exempt of dispute due to big economic players trying to appropriate symbology, meanings and alternative practices to perpetuate their power over the agri-food system.

MASSIFICATION OF SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEMS: A LONG AND WINDING ROAD

Background: The global community has recognized silvopastoral systems (SPS) as an alternative to contribute to the resolution of various socio-environmental problems derived from extensive livestock farming, deforestation, climate change and the current pandemic derived from SARS-CoV-2. Its technical and social viability has motivated various sectors of society to promote its massification or scaling. However, although there are important advances in agroforestry and silvopastoral scientific research in southeastern Mexico, there are no works that address the experiences of massification of silvopastoral systems. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the experiences of massification of various projects of SSP, the participation of social actors and the barriers and tradeoffs in their implementation in the state of Chiapas (Mexico). Methodology: The study considered an analysis period from 2000 to 2020. A review of scientific and technical documents was made, various social actors were interviewed (livestock producers, technicians from international and national development agencies, technicians and advisers from peasant organizations, technicians from non-governmental organizations, academics from research centers and universities) who have promoted SPS and good livestock practices in Chiapas. Two participatory workshops were held. Results. A timeline was built and five relevant experiences of massification of SPS in various agroecological regions of Chiapas were analyzed: A) Scolel Té Project, b) Puyacatengo Agreement (Red Selva), c) Sustainable Rural Development Project in Biological Corridors , d) Innovative mechanisms for a cooperation program towards adaptation to climate change in the Sierra Madre and Costa de Chiapas, e) Early Action Initiatives for Mitigation in livestock areas (IAT-REDD +) and e) Agrosilvopastoral Biodiversity and Livestock Landscapes Project Sustainable (BioPaSOS). Various socio-environmental barriers and alliances between multiple social actors are shown. Implications: The work makes a contribution to the historicity of the massification processes of SPS and to the process of change in livestock. It is necessary to continue with an in-depth analysis of the social and technological impact that the various massification initiatives shown have had. Conclusions: The massification process that occurred between the years of study has shown the importance of alliances between various social sectors (producers-development agencies-academia-Governments), which has allowed the transition from local projects to projects with broad territorial coverage. © 2021 Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan. All rights reserved.